"vice" meaning in Middle English

See vice in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈviːs(ə)/ Forms: vices [plural], vyce [alternative], vyse [alternative], vijs [alternative], wise [alternative], vise [alternative], wyce [alternative], vyhs [alternative]
Etymology: Borrowed from Old French vice, visse, from Latin vitium. Etymology templates: {{bor|enm|fro|vice}} Old French vice, {{der|enm|la|vitium}} Latin vitium Head templates: {{head|enm|nouns|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} vice, {{enm-noun|vices}} vice (plural vices)
  1. A fault or imperfection; a negative quality or attribute of something:
    A bad habit or tendency that one has; a negative human behaviour.
    Sense id: en-vice-enm-noun-rp5Di3YE Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Appearance, Ethics, Human behaviour Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 17 16 16 23 23 6 Disambiguation of Appearance: 16 16 22 13 13 19 Disambiguation of Ethics: 12 12 12 26 26 11 Disambiguation of Human behaviour: 37 3 3 28 28 2
  2. A fault or imperfection; a negative quality or attribute of something:
    A mistake; a fault due to deficience in knowledge or reasoning.
    Sense id: en-vice-enm-noun-QvpuSew4 Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Appearance, Ethics Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 17 16 16 23 23 6 Disambiguation of Appearance: 16 16 22 13 13 19 Disambiguation of Ethics: 12 12 12 26 26 11
  3. A fault or imperfection; a negative quality or attribute of something:
    (rare) An imperfection or blemish in one's visage or look.
    Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-vice-enm-noun-B-EZjj0- Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Appearance, Ethics Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 17 16 16 23 23 6 Disambiguation of Appearance: 16 16 22 13 13 19 Disambiguation of Ethics: 12 12 12 26 26 11
  4. Vice, iniquity, sinful behaviour; absence of virtue or morality:
    A vice; a general tendency or action that is morally bad.
    Sense id: en-vice-enm-noun-YINLeMxr Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Appearance, Ethics Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 17 16 16 23 23 6 Disambiguation of Appearance: 16 16 22 13 13 19 Disambiguation of Ethics: 12 12 12 26 26 11
  5. Vice, iniquity, sinful behaviour; absence of virtue or morality:
    A specific example of immoral or sinful behaviour.
    Sense id: en-vice-enm-noun-snB3sonB Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Appearance, Ethics Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 17 16 16 23 23 6 Disambiguation of Appearance: 16 16 22 13 13 19 Disambiguation of Ethics: 12 12 12 26 26 11
  6. A sickness, disease or malady; a deleterious process effecting something.
    Sense id: en-vice-enm-noun-Ytyejp23 Categories (other): Appearance, Ethics Disambiguation of Appearance: 16 16 22 13 13 19 Disambiguation of Ethics: 12 12 12 26 26 11
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: viciate, vicious, viciously, viciousnesse
Categories (other): Mind Disambiguation of Mind: 0 0 0 0 0 0

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "enm",
      "name": "Mind",
      "orig": "enm:Mind",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "vice"
          },
          "expansion": "English: vice",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: vice"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "vice"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: vice",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: vice"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "vice"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French vice",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vitium"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vitium",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French vice, visse, from Latin vitium.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vices",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vyce",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vyse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vijs",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wise",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vise",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wyce",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vyhs",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "vice",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vices"
      },
      "expansion": "vice (plural vices)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "viciate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "vicious"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "viciously"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "viciousnesse"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 16 16 23 23 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 16 22 13 13 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Appearance",
          "orig": "enm:Appearance",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 26 26 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Ethics",
          "orig": "enm:Ethics",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 3 3 28 28 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Human behaviour",
          "orig": "enm:Human behaviour",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A fault or imperfection; a negative quality or attribute of something:",
        "A bad habit or tendency that one has; a negative human behaviour."
      ],
      "id": "en-vice-enm-noun-rp5Di3YE",
      "links": [
        [
          "fault",
          "fault"
        ],
        [
          "imperfection",
          "imperfection"
        ],
        [
          "habit",
          "habit"
        ],
        [
          "tendency",
          "tendency"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 16 16 23 23 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 16 22 13 13 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Appearance",
          "orig": "enm:Appearance",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 26 26 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Ethics",
          "orig": "enm:Ethics",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A fault or imperfection; a negative quality or attribute of something:",
        "A mistake; a fault due to deficience in knowledge or reasoning."
      ],
      "id": "en-vice-enm-noun-QvpuSew4",
      "links": [
        [
          "fault",
          "fault"
        ],
        [
          "imperfection",
          "imperfection"
        ],
        [
          "mistake",
          "mistake"
        ],
        [
          "deficience",
          "deficience"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 16 16 23 23 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 16 22 13 13 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Appearance",
          "orig": "enm:Appearance",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 26 26 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Ethics",
          "orig": "enm:Ethics",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A fault or imperfection; a negative quality or attribute of something:",
        "An imperfection or blemish in one's visage or look."
      ],
      "id": "en-vice-enm-noun-B-EZjj0-",
      "links": [
        [
          "fault",
          "fault"
        ],
        [
          "imperfection",
          "imperfection"
        ],
        [
          "blemish",
          "blemish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "A fault or imperfection; a negative quality or attribute of something:",
        "(rare) An imperfection or blemish in one's visage or look."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 16 16 23 23 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 16 22 13 13 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Appearance",
          "orig": "enm:Appearance",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 26 26 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Ethics",
          "orig": "enm:Ethics",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Vice, iniquity, sinful behaviour; absence of virtue or morality:",
        "A vice; a general tendency or action that is morally bad."
      ],
      "id": "en-vice-enm-noun-YINLeMxr",
      "links": [
        [
          "iniquity",
          "iniquity"
        ],
        [
          "sinful",
          "sinful"
        ],
        [
          "vice",
          "vice#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 16 16 23 23 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 16 22 13 13 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Appearance",
          "orig": "enm:Appearance",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 26 26 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Ethics",
          "orig": "enm:Ethics",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Vice, iniquity, sinful behaviour; absence of virtue or morality:",
        "A specific example of immoral or sinful behaviour."
      ],
      "id": "en-vice-enm-noun-snB3sonB",
      "links": [
        [
          "iniquity",
          "iniquity"
        ],
        [
          "sinful",
          "sinful"
        ],
        [
          "immoral",
          "immoral"
        ],
        [
          "behaviour",
          "behaviour"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 16 22 13 13 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Appearance",
          "orig": "enm:Appearance",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 12 26 26 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Ethics",
          "orig": "enm:Ethics",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A sickness, disease or malady; a deleterious process effecting something."
      ],
      "id": "en-vice-enm-noun-Ytyejp23",
      "links": [
        [
          "sickness",
          "sickness"
        ],
        [
          "disease",
          "disease"
        ],
        [
          "malady",
          "malady"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈviːs(ə)/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vice"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Latin",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old French",
    "Pages with 13 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Appearance",
    "enm:Ethics",
    "enm:Human behaviour",
    "enm:Mind"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "vice"
          },
          "expansion": "English: vice",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: vice"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "vice"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: vice",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: vice"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "vice"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French vice",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vitium"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vitium",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French vice, visse, from Latin vitium.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vices",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vyce",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vyse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vijs",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wise",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vise",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wyce",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vyhs",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "vice",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vices"
      },
      "expansion": "vice (plural vices)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "viciate"
    },
    {
      "word": "vicious"
    },
    {
      "word": "viciously"
    },
    {
      "word": "viciousnesse"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A fault or imperfection; a negative quality or attribute of something:",
        "A bad habit or tendency that one has; a negative human behaviour."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fault",
          "fault"
        ],
        [
          "imperfection",
          "imperfection"
        ],
        [
          "habit",
          "habit"
        ],
        [
          "tendency",
          "tendency"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A fault or imperfection; a negative quality or attribute of something:",
        "A mistake; a fault due to deficience in knowledge or reasoning."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fault",
          "fault"
        ],
        [
          "imperfection",
          "imperfection"
        ],
        [
          "mistake",
          "mistake"
        ],
        [
          "deficience",
          "deficience"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A fault or imperfection; a negative quality or attribute of something:",
        "An imperfection or blemish in one's visage or look."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fault",
          "fault"
        ],
        [
          "imperfection",
          "imperfection"
        ],
        [
          "blemish",
          "blemish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "A fault or imperfection; a negative quality or attribute of something:",
        "(rare) An imperfection or blemish in one's visage or look."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Vice, iniquity, sinful behaviour; absence of virtue or morality:",
        "A vice; a general tendency or action that is morally bad."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "iniquity",
          "iniquity"
        ],
        [
          "sinful",
          "sinful"
        ],
        [
          "vice",
          "vice#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Vice, iniquity, sinful behaviour; absence of virtue or morality:",
        "A specific example of immoral or sinful behaviour."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "iniquity",
          "iniquity"
        ],
        [
          "sinful",
          "sinful"
        ],
        [
          "immoral",
          "immoral"
        ],
        [
          "behaviour",
          "behaviour"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A sickness, disease or malady; a deleterious process effecting something."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sickness",
          "sickness"
        ],
        [
          "disease",
          "disease"
        ],
        [
          "malady",
          "malady"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈviːs(ə)/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vice"
}

Download raw JSONL data for vice meaning in Middle English (3.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.